What file system is primarily used by Linux?

The primary file system used by Linux is ext4. It is an advanced version of the ext3 file system and offers many improvements, including better performance, increased reliability, and larger volume support. Ext4 supports file sizes up to 16 terabytes and can manage volumes as large as 1 exabyte, making it well-suited for modern storage needs. Its journaling feature enhances data integrity by keeping a log of file system changes, which helps in quick recovery in case of system crashes or conflicts.

In the context of Linux, ext4 is the default file system for many distributions due to these robust features. Other file systems mentioned, like HFS+, NTFS, and FAT32, serve different environments: HFS+ is used primarily by macOS, NTFS is generally associated with Windows systems, and FAT32 is an older file system with limitations on file sizes and volume sizes. Therefore, ext4 stands out as the most relevant and optimally designed file system for Linux environments.