What programming structure allows for repeated calculations until a specified condition is met?

The concept that enables repeated calculations until a specified condition is fulfilled is best captured by looping. Looping is a fundamental programming construct that allows a block of code to be executed repeatedly as long as a designated condition remains true. This iteration continues, providing flexibility and efficiency in code execution, especially in scenarios requiring repetitive tasks, such as processing items in a list.

Iteration, while closely related, generally refers to the process of repeating a set of instructions, which is what loops accomplish. However, "looping" is the more specific term emphasizing the structure that enables such repetition.

Recursion is a programming technique where a function calls itself to solve smaller instances of the same problem, and while it may also involve repeated calculations, it follows a different methodology and often involves conditions to break the recursive calls. Functions are basic building blocks in programming that encapsulate code for reuse, but they do not inherently imply repetition without the control structures like loops or recursion.

Thus, the most accurate term for allowing repeated calculations until a specified condition is met is looping.