Which technology is used to convert domain names into IP addresses?

The technology that is used to convert domain names into IP addresses is DNS, which stands for Domain Name System. When a user types a domain name, such as www.example.com, into a web browser, the DNS is responsible for resolving that name into a corresponding IP address (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to communicate with each other over the Internet. This process is essential because, while humans find it easier to remember domain names, the underlying network infrastructure relies on numerical IP addresses to route traffic correctly.

Other technologies mentioned serve different purposes: HTTP is the protocol used for transferring web pages and files over the internet, FTP is a protocol for transferring files between computers on a network, and SMTP is used for sending email messages. Each of these plays a critical role in internet communication but does not perform the function of resolving domain names to IP addresses.